Pedestrian Detection Image Processing with FPGA

This paper focuses on real-time pedestrian detection using the Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature descriptor algorithm on a Field Programmable Gate Array. To achieve real- time pedestrian recognition on embedded systems, hardware architecture for HOG feature extraction is proposed. In order to reduce computational complexity toward efficient hardware architecture, this paper proposes several methods to simplify the computation of the HOG feature descriptor. The architecture is proposed on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC using Verilog HDL to evaluate the real-time performance. This implementation processes image data at twice the pixel rate of similar software simulations and significantly reduces resource utilization while maintaining high detection accuracy

Zaimek osobowy trzeciej osoby w języku chińskim i niemieckim

Das Ziel des Artikels ist es, Formen und Funktionen von Personalpronomen der dritten Person, insbesondere des femininen Pronomens, im Chinesischen und Deutschen zu vergleichen. Da in China die Diskussion um die spezifische Form des weiblichen Pro-nomens relativ neu ist und in einigen Kreisen noch andauert, wird die Entwicklung dieses Pronomens im Laufe der Jahrhunderte aus der Gender-Perspektive dargestellt. Der Streitpunkt war / ist in erster Linie das Schriftzeichen für dieses Pronomen, aber es gab auch Stimmen, die eine bestimmte Lautform vorschlugen. Da im Deutschen Pronomen der dritten Person je nach Genus unterschiedliche Formen haben, sind den Autoren dieses Artikels ähnliche Diskussionen im deutschsprachigen Raum nicht bekannt. Der zweite Teil des Artikels vergleicht die deiktischen und anaphorischen Funktionen von Pronomen in den beiden Sprachen.The aim of this article is to compare the forms and functions of third person personal pronouns, especially the feminine pronoun, in Chinese and German. Due to the fact that in China the discussion about the specific form of the female pronoun is relatively fresh, and in some circles it is still going on, the evolution of this pronoun over the centuries from the gender perspective is presented. The point of contention was / is primarily the written form of this pronoun, but there were also voices suggesting a specific sound form. Since in German third-person pronouns have different forms depending on the gender, the authors of this article are not familiar with similar discussions in the German-speaking area. The second part of the article compares the deictic and anaphoric functions of pronouns in both studied languages.Celem artykułu jest porównanie form i funkcji zaimków osobowych trzeciej osoby, szczególnie zaimka rodzaju żeńskiego, w języku chińskim i niemieckim. Ze względu na fakt, że w Chinach dyskusja o specyficznej formie zaimka żeńskiego jest stosunkowo świeża, a w niektórych kręgach toczy się do tej pory, zaprezentowano ewolucję tego zaimka na przestrzeni wieków z perspektywy gender. Punktem spornym była / jest przede wszystkim forma pisemna tego zaimka, ale pojawiały się również głosy proponujące także specyficzną formę dźwiękową. Ponieważ w języku niemieckim zaimki trzeciej osoby posiadają różne formy w zależności od rodzaju, autorzy tego artykułu nie znają podobnych dyskusji w niemieckim obszarze językowym. W drugiej części artykułu porównano funkcje deiktyczne i anaforyczne zaimków w obu badanych językach

Nazwy pokrewieństwa w języku chińskim i niemieckim – studium porównawcze

Die Forschung im Bereich der Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Lexikologie und der sozialen Kultur. In diesem Beitrag werden deutsche und chinesische Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen definiert, es werden ihre Merkmale erschlossen und ihre Semantik dargestellt, um die Bezeichnungen in den beiden Sprachen zu vergleichen. Dadurch wird auch versucht, die Unterschiede zwischen der chinesischen und der deutschen Kultur in diesem Bereich zu identifizieren und deren mögliche Gründe zu ermitteln.Research of kinship terms is an important part of lexicology and of social culture studies. This article defines German and Chinese kinship terms, determines their characteristics and presents their semantics in order to compare the terms in the two languages. The Author attempts to identify key differences between Chinese and German culture in this respect and to determine their underlying causes.Badania nad nazwami pokrewieństwa są ważną częścią leksykologii i kultury społeczeństw. W niniejszym artykule zdefiniowano niemieckie i chińskie nazwy pokrewieństwa, określono ich cechy i przedstawiono ich semantykę w celu ich porównania w obu językach. Ponadto podjęto próbę identyfikacji różnic między kulturą chińską i niemiecką w tym obszarze oraz ustalić ich możliwe przyczyny

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

An openEHR based approach to improve the semantic interoperability of clinical data registry

Abstract Background Clinical data registry is designed to collect and manage information about the practices and outcomes of a patient population for improving the quality and safety of care and facilitating novel researches. Semantic interoperability is a challenge when integrating the data from more than one clinical data registry. The openEHR approach can represent the information and knowledge semantics by multi-level modeling, and it advocates the use of collaborative modeling to facilitate reusing existing archetypes with consistent semantics so as to be a potential solution to improve the semantic interoperability. Methods This paper proposed an openEHR based approach to improve the semantic interoperability of clinical data registry. The approach consists of five steps: clinical data registry meta-information collection, data element definition, archetype modeling, template editing, and implementation. Through collaborative modeling and maximum reusing of existing archetype at the archetype modeling step, the approach can improve semantic interoperability. To verify the feasibility of the approach, this paper conducted a case study of building a Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) registry that can interoperate with an existing Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. Results The CCTA registry includes 183 data elements, which involves 20 archetypes. A total number of 45 CCTA data elements and EHR data elements have semantic overlap. Among them, 38 (84%) CCTA data elements can be found in the 10 reused EHR archetypes. These corresponding clinical data can be collected from the EHR system directly without transformation. The other 7 (16%) CCTA data elements correspond to one coarse-grained EHR data elements, and these clinical data can be collected with mapping rules. The results show that the approach can improve semantic interoperability of clinical data registry. Conclusions Using an openEHR based approach to develop clinical data registry can improve the semantic interoperability. Meanwhile, some challenges for broader semantic interoperability are identified, including domain experts’ involvement, archetype sharing and reusing, and archetype semantic mapping. Collaborative modeling, easy-to-use tools, and semantic relationship establishment are potential solutions for these challenges. This study provides some experience and insight about clinical modeling and clinical data registry development